3. Embracing ARM-based devices, Android, and iOS

Microsoft once had a misplaced devotion to x86 processors and its own operating system. By sticking with Intel's (NASDAQ:INTC) x86 chips instead of supporting ARM chips, Microsoft locked itself out of the smartphone and tablet markets, which overwhelmingly used ARM's more power-efficient processors. The company eventually pivoted toward ARM chips with Windows RT and Windows Phone, but apps for those devices were initially incompatible with older x86-based machines.
To move past that awkward phase, Microsoft launched new versions of Windows 10 which were fully compatible with both Intel's x86 chips and Qualcomm's (NASDAQ:QCOM) ARM-based Snapdragon chips. It also recently announced that it will run its Azure cloud platform on Qualcomm's ARM-based Centriq 2400 server solutions. These moves could hurt Intel's dominance of the PC and data center markets.
As for mobile devices, it's clear that Windows Phone and Windows 10 Mobile -- which runs on less than 1% of smartphones worldwide -- were failures. But instead of pushing out more expensive hardware, Microsoft downsized its mobile business and focused on launching more apps for Android and iOS. This meant that PC users could still access Microsoft's Office 365, Outlook, OneDrive, and other services on the go even if they didn't own a Windows Phone -- which keeps Microsoft relevant in the "mobile-first, cloud-first world" which Nadella discussed at the beginning of his tenure.

The key takeaways

Under former CEO Steve Ballmer, Microsoft complacently milked its Windows and Office cash cows. That complacency caused it to miss the shift toward cloud services and mobile devices, but Satya Nadella seems to know how to get the company back on track.
Under Nadella, Microsoft is focusing on the businesses that work, like the cloud, and reducing its exposure to costly mobile hardware. Microsoft is also investing in the future by expanding its enterprise ecosystem and developing new AR and VR hardware. To me, all these moves indicate that Microsoft's best days are still ahead.
Teresa Kersten is an employee of LinkedIn and is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. LinkedIn is owned by Microsoft. Leo Sun owns shares of Cisco Systems and Qualcomm. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Qualcomm. The Motley Fool recommends Cisco Systems, Intel, and Salesforce.com. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.